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» Browse Science and Environment Term Papers
Psychology - Classical Conditioning Vs. Operant Conditioning
Number of Words: 724 / Number of Pages: 3
... the presentation of a bell. The bell was the conditioned stimulus. A conditioned stimulus was an originally neutral stimulus that could eventually produce a desired response when presented alone. Directly after the ringing of the bell, Pavlov gave the dog food. The food was the unconditioned stimulus. This means that the food caused an uncontrollable response whenever it was presented alone. That response would be the salivation of the dog. A tube that was in the dog's mouth then measured the saliva. When the unconditioned stimulus (US) was paired with a conditioned stimulus (CS), it e ...
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Water Pollution: Is It As Big Of A Problem As We Think?
Number of Words: 2445 / Number of Pages: 9
... die. Any decomposition that does not contain oxygen starts to generate
noxious gases such as Hydrogen Sulfide. Pulp and paper mills, and municipal
sewage causes BOD. Nutrients: Nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus,
enrich waters and accelerate the aging of lakes and streams. Also, the result
of this is rich plant life which prohibits recreational activities. Plankton
blooms depress oxygen levels (as mentioned before) and therefore, endanger
living organisms. Major sources of nutrients are municipal sewage and
agricultural runoff. Toxic Materials: Can affect the health of aquatic organis ...
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The Threat Of Nuclear Energy
Number of Words: 3057 / Number of Pages: 12
... meters. You can hear ripping, rending, wrenching, screeching, scraping, tearing sounds of a vast machine breaking apart. L. Ray Silver, a leading author who covered the disaster at Chernobyl, said that within the core, steam reacts with zirconium to produce that first explosive in nature’s arsenal, hydrogen. Near-molten fuel fragments shatter nearly incandescent graphite, torching chunks of it, exploding the hydrogen. The explosion breaks every pipe in the building rocking it with such power that the building is split into sections (11-13). You look down at your body and notice that it feels hot and ...
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Alzheimers Disease
Number of Words: 1507 / Number of Pages: 6
... this change was a normal part of aging that we called senility. Some people develop this condition when they are as young as 40 years of age. However, the disease is most common in persons over the age of 65. It is estimated that approximately 10 percent of persons over 65 years of age may have Alzheimer’s disease and that in persons over the age of 85, up to 50 percent may be affected. Alzheimer’s disease is not a normal part of the aging process. It is not contagious, and it is not known how it can be prevented. While the physical changes in the brain are very similar among different people ...
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The Application Of Fractal Geometry To Ecology
Number of Words: 3320 / Number of Pages: 13
... geometry to natural sciences, it is clear
that fractal geometry a useful and valid tool.
New insight into the natural world is just one of the results of the increasing
popularity and use of fractal geometry in the last decade. What are fractals and
what are they good for? Scientists in a variety of disciplines have been trying
to answer this question for the last two decades. Physicists, chemists,
mathematicians, biologists, computer scientists, and medical researchers are
just a few of the scientists that have found uses for fractals and fractal
geometry.
Ecologists have found fractal geometry t ...
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Depression 3
Number of Words: 556 / Number of Pages: 3
... event. For many people, these incidents produce a mild to moderate case of the blues. They feel "down" for a while, but they are able to continue functioning and performing everyday tasks. Although these people may experience the chemical imbalance that is the hallmark of depression, the brain abnormality typically corrects itself within a few weeks. However, in some critical cases, the chemical alteration lasts for a much longer time, this is when mild to moderate depression turns into full blown clinical depression.
The same chemical alteration that can result from first depressive episode, ca ...
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Earth's Climate And Seasons: ‘How Do They Relate?’
Number of Words: 393 / Number of Pages: 2
... the equator. While the earth is revolving around the sun, it is also rotating on it’s own axis. One full rotation equals one day or twenty- four hours. At the middle of the day, noon, the sun is as direct as it can be, and this is also the hottest time of the day. But, when Earth makes one half turn, it changes to night when all of the air cools off, because the sun is on the opposite side of the earth. Without night, Earth would become unbearably hot in the summer. The sun, after doing all of these things, still gives us energy in the form of heat, light, etc. Without heat, there would be very ...
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Acid Rain....and What Are We G
Number of Words: 379 / Number of Pages: 2
... different types of soil and rocks in two ways.
1) Acid rain will dissolve alkaline rocks and soil, or will neutralize the alkalinity.
2) Acid rain will increase the acidicy of already acidic rocks and soil, such as granite, or the soil which results from corroded granite.
Acidic chemicals, and alkaline chemicals react to each other by reducing the alkalinity or acidicy of each other. Which ever has the strongest pH level, usually will neutralize or reduce the pH of the other, but after the reaction is complete, both substances have undoubtably changed, their pH moved closer to neutral ( pH 7 ) ...
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Water Pollution
Number of Words: 704 / Number of Pages: 3
... sailors up to one million
dollars fines for disposing waste. Because of that, ships now carry less garbage
with them.
Animals are not the only thing being harmed by water wastes. Fishing
lines, rope, and plastic nets are being caught in the rutter and the engine, but
the ships are not exactly perfect.
The other main cause of water pollution is industrial waste. Industries
do not be harmed by water pollution but the cause much it. Many companies pour
chemicals into the waterways. Some of the businesses that contribute to the
water pollution are businesses that repair and maintain motor vehicles ...
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Animal Experimentation
Number of Words: 1764 / Number of Pages: 7
... other species and termed "vivisection" (Loew, 1982).
However, it was not until the sixteenth century that many experiments on animals
began to be recorded. In 1628, William Harvey published his work on the heart
and the movement of blood in animals (French, 1975). In the 18OOs, when France
became one of the leading centers of experimental biology and medicine-marked by
the work of such scientists as Francis Magendie in experimental physiology,
Claude Bernard in experimental medicine, and Louis Pasteur in microbiology and
immunology-investigators regularly used animals in biomedical research (McGrew, ...
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