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» Browse Science and Environment Term Papers
Early Synthetic Polymers
Number of Words: 573 / Number of Pages: 3
... was. The very first came about when a scientist reacted cellulose, in the form of cotton, with nitric acid. The result was cellulose nitrate. Cellulose nitrate, also called gun cotton, turned out to be a powerful explosive. It soon replaced common gunpowder as the explosive charge in the ammunition for rifles and artillery.
Cellulose nitrate was also used to make an early polymer containing composite material, safety glass. This was a sandwich made of a sheet of cellulose nitrate in between two layers of glass. The sheet of cellulose nitrate held the glass together when it was broken. This was grea ...
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Solar Energy
Number of Words: 382 / Number of Pages: 2
... weren’t met future space activities would be limited. was eventually used. Once an unmanned space probe was on its way no one would be there to oil or repair it.
Solar cells today are made out of one of the earth’s most common ingredients, silicon. Silicon used in producing solar cells is very carefully prepared. The flow of electricity takes place when the cell is brought into sunlight, and the electrons become active and the molecules become stimulated. Then the silicon wall directs the current. Henceforth electricity.
In the future scientists would love to use in many different ways. One way ...
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Global Warning
Number of Words: 793 / Number of Pages: 3
... and variability. Global warming is likely to amplify the effects of other pressures and to disrupt our lives in numerous ways. "Melting icebergs and expanding oceans may cause floods." The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts that there will be an increase in sea level by the year 2100 of 1.5 feet . "Twenty Five percent of the world’s population lives less than 1.1 meters above see level." The IPCC also predicts that there will be " droughts, heat waves, expanding deserts, ecosystem disruption and increasingly severe weather", as well as the productivity of agriculture, which a ...
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Monosaccharides
Number of Words: 2345 / Number of Pages: 9
... include sorbitol (glucitol) from glucose and mannitol from mannose; both are used as sweetening agents. Glycosides derived from are widespread in nature, especially in plants. Amino sugars (i.e., sugars in which one or two hydroxyl groups are replaced with an amino group, -NH2) occur as components of glycolipids and in the chitin of arthropods.
carbohydrateClasses of carbohydrates Sources The most common naturally occurring are D-glucose, D-mannose, D-fructose, and D-galactose among the hexoses, and D-xylose and L-arabinose among the pentoses. In a special sense, D-ribose and 2-deoxy ...
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Gene Therapy
Number of Words: 1437 / Number of Pages: 6
... concepts that have emerged in these laboratory studies.
The reasoning for lies in our understanding of the genetic basis of human disease. It is probably safe to say that genes we inherit from our parents influence virtually every human disease. A composite of approximately 150,000 individual genes constitutes a human being. Several years ago, an international effort was launched to identify every single human gene. This effort called the Human Genome Project, is well underway and should be completed soon after the turn of the century. Variation in the structure of a person's genes collectively helps ...
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Acid Rain
Number of Words: 1213 / Number of Pages: 5
... of nitrogen oxides.
Once is formed, it can stay up in the clouds for a long time. These clouds can be carried off by the wind to other areas, sometimes hundreds of miles away, where they eventually fall to the Earth as or snow. This is called transboundary pollution. For awhile some people believed that by building high smoke stacks they would be sending the chemicals out of harms way. But all this did was push the emissions higher into the air, where they remain longer and travel further.
How Acid Rain Forms
This diagram shows one way that acid rain is formed. Two major causes of acid rain a ...
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Biology, The Five Major Compounds
Number of Words: 1150 / Number of Pages: 5
... the most important source of energy.
Lipids are important because they function as structural components of cell membranes, sources of insulation, and a mean of energy storage. The lipid molecules are most well known as forming basic structures of cell membranes and as energy storage molecules as well. In this group of lipids, there are about three main types: true fats (triglycerides), phospholipids, and steroids. True fats represent the body’s most abundant and concentrated source of usable energy. When they are oxidized, they yield large amounts of energy. They are stored chiefly in fat deposi ...
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Acid Rain 2
Number of Words: 695 / Number of Pages: 3
... are absorbed in fruits, vegetables and in the tissues of animals. Even though these toxic metals do not directly affect the animals, they have serious effects on humans when they are being eaten.
How did it happen? One of the main causes of acid rain is sulphur dioxide. Natural sources that let out this gas are volcanoes, sea spray , rotting vegetation and plankton. However, the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, are largely to be blamed for about half of the emissions of this gas in the world. When sulphur dioxide gets in the atmosphere, it oxidizes to first form a sulphate ion. It the ...
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Gibbons
Number of Words: 1445 / Number of Pages: 6
... However, they are still good climbers. While orangutans spend most of their life in trees, where they use their long arms and dexterous hands and feet to grasp branches and vines, chimpanzees frequently come to the ground to feed. Gorillas are primarily terrestrial, but even fully grown adult males have been observed clambering among tree branches more than 15 m (49 ft) high. Chimpanzees and gorillas—the apes that spend the most time on the ground—normally walk on all fours, clenching their hands so that their knuckles take their weight.
From physical and fossil evidence, biologists know th ...
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Detrimental Effects That Technological Advances In Industry And Agriculture
Number of Words: 2080 / Number of Pages: 8
... ozone layer to encourage large chemical companies to begin a gradual phase-out of these substances, even when scientists had already discovered the terrible effects of the chemical combination.
Sagan says that to slowly stop usage of such obviously dangerous substances is not enough, for even with current conditions, it is estimated that the damaged ozone layer will require at least 100 years to repair itself. In the interim, we are risking danger to the food chain, global warming, and increased cases of skin cancer. Rather than risk these catastrophes, Sagan calls for the immediate phase-ou ...
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